This book is a continuation of the first volume of the History of the Penza Territory, published in 2022, covering the period from ancient times to the end of the 18th century. This volume is dedicated to the 19th century, the time of restoration of the Penza province, the era of Great Reforms, the beginning of social, technical and cultural modernization of the region. This is the first academic publication of a full-fledged history of the Penza Territory, which reflects all the modern achievements of Russian historical science. For researchers, teachers and a wide range of readers.