Little-known, but actual problems of the ancient history of Ukraine are covered. Considerable attention is paid to the problems of planetary disasters, human origin, the lifestyle of glacial hunters, the Neolithic revolution, ethnogenesis and the resettlement of Indo-Europeans, the origins of Slavism and the origin of the Ukrainian people, ethnic processes in Kievan Rus, the place of Ukraine among world civilizations. The book is based on the course of lectures "The Primitive History of Ukraine," which for a long time the author reads at the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy."