Perhaps for the first time in its history, the science of our days is seriously concerned to such an extent with the moral aspects of its own activities. Hiroshima posed this problem; the successes of biology, in particular genetics, and the upcoming (according to experts) "century of biology" with its prospect of "genetic engineering" exacerbates the moral concern of scientists. The book of Doctor of Philosophy I.T. Frolov, as it were, opens the doors of scientific audiences to the reader, making him a participant in heated discussions about the development of science and the future of man, about the ethics of a scientist and the moral criteria of scientific search. The work is designed for scientists, teachers and students, for everyone who is interested in the problems of human development and science.