The book was created on the basis of materials of the international conference of the same name, held at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (November 10-11, 2009) in honor of the bicentennial of the writer's birth. A contemporary of the national revival of most Slavic peoples, N.V. Gogol played a versatile role in the development of their literature. Focusing on contacts with Gogol of Western and southern Slavs, the authors, including literary scholars, historians, culturologists, linguists, show the diversity of Gogol's influences, the ambiguity of the perception of his works by different peoples, which depended on their historical destinies and national priorities.