The monograph studied the historical aspects of assessing the physical condition and functional state of athletes. Various methods for assessing the psychophysical state, physical and functional performance in test loads are presented, various methods for calculating the individual index of the physical state of the human body and possible effects from its use in practice are presented. Security is provided for testing. The current state of the problem of the organization of the training process and operational medical and pedagogical control in powerlifting is shown as the basis for the correction of training loads. The preventive significance of this control in relation to occupational diseases is presented. A comprehensive method of operational control in powerlifting using an index of the functional state of an athlete is proposed and the possibilities of correction of training loads are studied. The book is designed for sports doctors, powerlifting coaches and other sports, physiologists.