What generates the entrepreneurial spirit that drives modern capitalism? Are different peoples equally endowed with it? How does religion affect the economy? The answers to these questions, which became again relevant for Russia at the end of the 20th century, are given in his book "Bourgeois" by the famous German sociologist Werner Sombart. The book is published in the Russian edition of 1924. In the monograph "Bourgeois," the author comes to the conclusion about the outstanding role of Jews in the development of modern capitalism, recognizes them as the ancestors of such speculative-financial mechanisms for managing the economy as securities, banks and exchanges. He devoted the role of Jews in the development of the economy to a special work, "Jews and Economic Life," which is being reprinted for the first time since 1912 as part of this collection.