The monograph presents Islamic-Christian relations in the Volga region and the Urals in the 18th century. The issues of historiography of the confessional policy of the state are considered, which makes it possible to give the analysis of the dynamics of national and confessional identity of the peoples of the Volga region and the Urals a conceptual character. The phenomenon of national and confessional tolerance is considered in the context of the dialogue of cultures and the algorithm of imperial state policy. The main stages of the formation of the policy of the Russian government in missionary activity in the XVIII century were determined, which evolved towards the end of the century towards tolerance.