The book provides an overview of the general problems of Latin lexicology, in particular, the diverse connections of words in the lexical system are considered based on the achievements of comparative historical linguistics. The dynamics of systemic changes in the language can be traced from the Pre-Indo-European period to the oldest Latin epigraphic monuments (??? c. BC e.), to the literary texts of the archaic period (Plautus, Terence. Cato) and further - to the classical period and to late Latin.