This book is devoted to the analysis of the methodology of modern studies of the process of cognition. The history of the formation of the "image of the world" category in domestic and foreign scientific approaches is traced, and the corresponding concept is discussed in modern cognitive psychology, where the image of the world is considered from the point of view of the formation of cognitive representations, and not a simple mental reflection. The theory of personal constructs J.A. is analyzed in detail. Kelly, with attention focusing on the adequacy of existing interpretations. The main provisions and fundamental consequences of this cognitive approach are discussed. The book is designed for a wide range of readers.