The monograph examines the concepts of the Orthodox-Slavic civilization of O. Spengler, A. Toynbee, S. Huntington. Eurasian doctrine is represented by the views of N.S. Trubetskoy. Modern geopolitical discussions include the ideas of A.S. Panarin, A.G. Dugin and many others. The question of Russia's civilizational identity is studied in the context of geoculture. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of the heritage of the Slavophiles and the influence of the ideology of neo-Slavism on modern politics. The author also makes an attempt to determine the prospects of the Orthodox-Slavic civilization at the moment.