Monograph of a prominent Russian Byzantinist and medievalist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences S.P. Karpov for the first time in world historiography considers in a complex all aspects of the political, economic and cultural history of the Trebizond Empire (1204-1461). The Trapezund Empire was the cradle of Pontic Hellenism, the last Byzantine stronghold, for many years - the link between the West and the East, a crossroads of world civilizations.