The monograph summarizes the results of 20 field seasons (1983-2003) of the Russian archaeological mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Republic of Yemen (until the end of 1991 - the Soviet-Yemeni complex expedition) in Hadramaut, one of the southern regions of the Arabian Peninsula, a country distinguished by a unique and rich cultural heritage. Over the years, numerous settlements, temples, burial grounds, the remains of irrigation structures dating back to the end of II millennium BC have been excavated and examined. - I millennium AD, the continuity of the development of the ancient Hadramaut city culture has been traced, materials have been obtained for the reconstruction of everyday life, the funeral rite and religious practice of the inhabitants of ancient Hadramaut, the archaeological layers of its monuments have been dated.