An attempt was made to create metahydrodynamics as a fundamental science. The laws of evolution of science, axiomatics, problems, accomplished and non-completed scientific revolutions are considered. Three paradigms in hydrodynamics are distinguished, as which the main mathematical models are chosen: Euler, Navier-Stokes, Reynolds. The principles of building physical and mathematical models, the theory and classification of vortices, the basic concepts of computational hydrodynamics, prognostics and diagnostics are analyzed.