The monograph outlines the main directions of the organization of fractal modeling in relation to objects of different nature, based on the principle of B. Mandelbrot: each case should be evaluated according to the criteria adopted in the relevant field. The application of fractal modeling in solving multi-criteria problems and ranking the quality criteria of multi-parameter technologies is considered. Examples of modeling multiphase structures based on the composition of their topological and fractal invariants are given, as well as prospects for the use of multifractal modeling in the identification of heterogeneous structures are outlined.