The book is devoted to the study of the Stone Age of Priishimye. The author posed a number of important problems in Eurasian archeology. The nature of the Mesolithic and Neolithic monuments is studied, a specific "Atbasar" culture is distinguished, its periodization and chronology are substantiated. An analysis of the origin and genesis of Neolithic cultural traditions, a study of the problem of the origin of producing forms of the economy in the steppes of the Trans-Urals and Northern Kazakhstan in IV millennium BC was carried out. The monograph is addressed to archaeologists, history teachers, local historians and all lovers of antiquity.