Becoming a bestseller immediately after its release, the book of the German philosopher Eric Vögelin caused fierce discussions that have not subsided until now. Vögelin radically criticized his contemporary political science, degraded as a result of the moral wear and tear of positivist liberalism, and proposed ways to renew it. The new science of politics is a project that returns political thinking to its origins, the political knowledge (episteme politike) of Plato and Aristotle. Subsequently, it will be reflected in Vögelin's multivolume works "Order and History" and "History of Political Ideas," but it is the "New Science of Politics" that will become the book that put forward its author in the first ranks of political thinkers of the 20th century.