The monograph presents materials reflecting the process of Neolithic formation and agriculture in China. The first chapter examines the features of the era, transitional from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic, much attention is paid to the problems associated with the establishment of the chronology of the oldest ceramics in China. The chapter on the Early Neolithic gives an overview of the early agricultural cultures of China, their dwellings, settlements, funeral and other rites, ceramic dishes and other equipment.