In the book dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, major scientists (including academicians A.P. Alexandrov, N.N. Bogolyubov, A.A. Bochvar, E.P. Velikhov, N.A. Dollezhal, B.B. Kadomtsev, Ya.M. Kolotyrkin, B.N. Laskorin, A.A. Logunov, V.I. Spitsyn, G.N. Flerov) and industry organizers (P.Ya. Antropov, A.I. Burnazyan, I.D. Morokhov, A.M. Perosyants, etc.) talk about the current state of atomic science and technology in the USSR and the prospects for its development in the light of the decisions of the XXV Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Special attention is paid to international cooperation, the struggle of progressive forces for the peaceful use of the liberated energy of the atom - this greatest achievement of the human mind. The book is intended for a wide range of readers interested in the problems of atomic science and technology.