The most famous book of the German philosopher Herbert Marcuse had and has not only philosophical significance, but also socio-political. Written in 1955, it became the forerunner and catalyst of the "sexual revolution" in the West, which in turn was embodied in the hippie movement and student riots of 68. Based on Freud's ideas, Marcuse traces the formation of a modern "repressive" civilization, reconstructing its history as the history of the suppression of a sensual person, the use of the energy of his attractions for the purposes of culture and society. Marcuse sees an alternative to such a device of civilization in the biopsychological reconstruction of a person on the basis of "new sensuality." This book is one of the few theoretical attempts to change a person towards liberating sexual energy and attitude towards the human body, as an instrument not so much of labor as of pleasure.