The book presents the results of the latest research in the field of history, ethnography and archeology of the indigenous peoples of the New World. The issues of the initial settlement of the continent, the formation of the oldest Indian states, the cultural heritage of the Indians, the participation of aborigines in the liberation movement and the formation of national states in Latin America are considered. Modern problems of the Indian population are analyzed. For historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, a wide range of readers.