An essay by the French philosopher and writer Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980), "Problems of Method," directly related to his extensive work "Criticism of Dialectical Reason," is characterized by the author as a general overview of the range of issues covered by existentialism. This study exposes the internal contradictions of philosophical anthropology and outlines, at the methodological level, ways to overcome them. Sartre sees the path to creating an authentic "structural and historical" anthropology in the combination of critically rethought materialistic dialectics, psychoanalysis and existentialism. Particular attention in the work is paid to the phenomenon of alienation - both in the life and work of the individual, and in historical practice.