The book contains basic information from formal logical systems. These are functions of the algebra of logic (Boolean functions), Post's theorem on functional completeness, k-valued logics, derivatives of Boolean functions, axiomatic calculi of propositions, predicates, sequences, resolutions, and the programming language Prologue. Monadic logic, finite automata and the languages ​ ​ they represent, temporal logic, and the axiomatic programming language OBJ3 are considered.