The basic laws of thermodynamics and methods of thermodynamic calculation of various processes and systems with ideal and real substances are fundamentally described. Thermodynamic features of practically all currently known aircraft engines and power plants are considered in detail. The book is well illustrated, it contains historical information, thematically selected tasks with solutions and comments, as well as reference material necessary in practical activities. For students, graduate students and university professors, as well as scientists and engineers of the aviation and rocket and space industries. Allowed by the Educational and Methodological Association of Higher Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation for Education in the Field of Aviation, Rocket Engineering and Space as a teaching aid for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation studying in the direction of training a certified specialist 160300 "Aircraft Engines" and specialty 160304 "Aviation and Rocket and Space Heat Engineering."