"A woman was the second mistake of God," wrote Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), one of the cult philosophers of the 19th-20th centuries. Developing Aristotle's ideas about a woman as a secondary being in relation to a man, Nietzsche brought a lot of his own to them: his characteristics of women allow Nietzsche to be considered an anti-feminist, but not a misogynist. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865), a French philosopher and sociologist, using Hegel's dialectic to study the bad and good aspects of the female soul, also believed that a woman ceases to be a woman if she is engaged in politics, literature, science, and worse, "wants to become a judge, prefect, maybe even a gendarme." In his opinion, this means a female fall: emancipated women are disgusting and similar to hermaphrodites. Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), an Italian psychologist and psychiatrist, and August Bebel (1840-1913), a German thinker and public figure, also touched on the topic of "female fall." Lombroso argued that the fall of women, in particular the widespread development of prostitution, is due to the innate depravity of female nature; Bebel argued, in the spirit of Marxism, that the vices of women are closely related to the vices of society. This collection presents the main works of Nietzsche, Proudhon, Lombroso and Bebel on this topic.