Methods and results of studying natural reservoirs of oil and gas of carbonate deposits are considered: their position in the hierarchy of the oil and gas division of the stratisphere, structure, composition, oil and gas content. Common and formation-specific types of natural reservoirs have been identified. The significance of their purposeful study for forecasting, prospecting and commercial exploration of oil and gas deposits is shown. For petroleum geologists of production organizations. Useful for specialists studying geological formations.