The book outlines the original semantic concept. It comprehensively describes the so-called lexical background - that element of the semantics of the word, thanks to which language acts as one of the guardians of the spiritual values ​ ​ of national culture. The authors, using extensive material from various languages, investigated the processes of accumulation of information about reality by the word, the role of vocabulary in communication, as well as in introducing a foreign language student to a foreign language culture.