The monograph presents some results of the study of the history, culture and Russian dialect language of the Old Believers-chapel living in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay. Field studies began in 2006 at the IRY RAS at the initiative of the author. The central place is occupied by essays on various aspects of the Russian dialect language of the Old Believers. The monograph includes a fragment of the future "Dictionary of the dialect of the Old Believers of South America." The book is addressed to specialists in the field of Old Believers and readers interested in the history of Russia and the Russian language.