This publication is the most complete collection of the main studies of Russian scientists devoted to the Russian land community. The community played a key role in the development of Russian history. Since ancient times, it has been the main form of the socio-economic life of Russia, which determined the direction of development of Russian civilization. The course towards the destruction of the community, adopted by the Stolypin government in 1906, was the first decisive step towards the revolution, as it destroyed the main stronghold of stable peasant life.