The book comprehensively examined and summarized extensive material on the history of the liberation movements of the oppressed peoples of the Austrian Empire (end of the 18th century - the revolution of 1848-1849). Based on a comparative analysis, the authors recreate a picture of the socio-economic, political and cultural development of the peoples of the Habsburg monarchy before the revolution of 1848-1849, characterize the social composition, structure and programs of liberation movements. The Revolution and the Cotrrevolution of 1848-1849 are examined in detail.