The monograph focuses on the activities of Russian commercial and industrial representative organizations after October 1917. The relations of entrepreneurs with the Bolsheviks until the fall of 1918 were distinguished by duality: manifestations of opposition were combined with the willingness of the leadership of bourgeois associations to come into contact with representatives of the Soviet regime in cases where this was required by the interests of the economy. Particular attention is paid to the problem of cooperation between representatives of business circles and anti-Bolshevik governments in the crisis period of 1918-1920, when the future of the country depended on the effectiveness of solidarity actions and the ability to develop compromise solutions. Mutual hopes of trade and industrialists and the authorities did not materialize. In the early years of emigration, representatives of the Russian business world continued to feel like a social force, whose economic and economic experience could be in demand in Russia after it freed itself from Bolshevism.