The emergence of anesthesia, antiseptics and aseptics has prepared the foundation for the development of surgery. And as soon as in the 80s. XIX century. it became possible to talk about its strength, as soon as infections ceased to inspire fear, which was inspired by centuries before, surgeons gained access to all corners of the human body. Surgery has begun to fight for the replacement of "white spots" in human physiology. Completely unexplored liver, heart, lungs, thyroid gland, brain full of riddles, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system - the surgical scalpel penetrated into new and new limits of the human body, previously inaccessible to him.