The book of V.V. Kondrashin is dedicated to the tragic pages of the Civil War in Russia - the peasant rebel movement against the "military-communist policy" of the Bolsheviks. On the basis of the wide use of a diverse set of sources, its causes, scale and consequences for the largest agricultural region of the country - the Volga region are characterized. The monograph examines in detail the activities of the Samara Komuch as a "democratic alternative" to Bolshevism, analyzes the reasons for its failure, confirms the regularity of the Bolshevik victory in the Civil War, despite the huge scope of the anti-Bolshevik peasant movement.