The first book of the series "Astronomy and Astrophysics" contains an overview of the current state of the sciences of the Universe and is devoted to basic concepts used in all sections of astronomy and astrophysics: measurement of coordinates and time, observation techniques in various spectral ranges, astronomical terminology and the system of designation of celestial objects. The presentation of the material is mainly aimed at junior students of the natural science faculties of the university and specialists in related fields of science. The book is of particular interest to astronomy lovers.