Very few publications on the subject of this book are known in the Russian-language scientific and educational literature, and they have long become a bibliographic rarity. This publication is distinguished by the completeness of the principles of operation of detector systems, the systematic description of their technical structure and practical implementation, as well as a discussion of the field of their application. The monograph is characterized by good structuring of the material, the breadth of coverage of the latest registration methods, a clear and intelligible presentation of all the topics covered. The possibilities of using detector systems in high-energy physics and elementary particles, in cosmic ray physics and astrophysics, in medicine and biology, in archeology, etc. are carefully analyzed. The book contains an extensive bibliography (more than 600 references to book editions and original articles in modern physical journals) and a glossary that includes compressed information about the area of ​ ​ application, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered types of detectors.