The work was written by the author mainly on the basis of his own combat experience accumulated during the command of units and formations of the Red Army in the mountains of Central Asia and Transcaucasia, and on the basis of many years of research work in the mountains. The author considers the fighting of mountain rifle troops mainly on high-mountain, heavily rugged terrain. The work is intended for the commanding staff of the Red Army, and primarily mountain rifle units. The landscape of each mountain theater is largely diverse. In the vast majority of cases, the mountain theater is an area strongly crossed by ridges to spurs, with separate towering peaks, with hilly plateaus (plateaus) cut through longitudinal and transverse valleys. Along the ridges in the upper valleys and gorges in some places there are passes, often located at the height of eternal snows. Passes are the most important points of the mountain theater; their location determines the offensive paths and defense tasks.