Does man have a "soul"? How to explain those "mysterious" and "miraculous" phenomena that are narrated in church books and to which believers often refer, for example, "miraculous" healings? Why can't people go without sleep for a long time and dream? What is life and death, whether these states are connected with the "soul"; can or cannot the dead be raised? All these and other issues of interest to each person are considered in the brochure of N. S. Mansurov "Science and Religion on Mental Activity." Revealing the inconsistency and ignorance of the idea of ​ ​ a person's existence of a "soul," the author, at the same time, shows with concrete examples what is harmful to religion and religious prejudices. When illustrating the brochure, the author used some drawings from the album "Science and Religion" (Gospolitidat, 1958), the journal "Science and Life" for 1956 and the book by D. Biryukov "The Myth of the Soul." The brochure is designed for the general reader.