This monograph addresses the pages of the formation and development of scientific knowledge and is devoted to the history of world and Russian cartography. In the presented essay, based on a comparison of geographical and cartographic information from various historical eras, the evolution of geographical and cartographic knowledge is considered. In the preparation and selection of material for the monograph, a wide and diverse range of sources was used, both geographical and cartographic in nature, and historiographic, biographical and bibliographic content. The monograph consists of three parts (volumes), the first of which is devoted to the most famous ancient maps of the world, the second to foreign ancient cartographic images of the territory of Russia and Siberia, the third to Russian ancient maps depicting the geographical space of Russia and Siberia.