The famous Chinese philosopher Zhu Xi is considered to be the founder of neo-Confucianism. The philosophical heritage of Zhu Xi, which is most of the teacher's conversation and correspondence with his students and colleagues, has been preserved mainly in the form of thematic arches compiled after his death, one of which is a set of 66 volumes (juan) left by decree of Emperor Kangxi from 1713. The reader's attention is offered a translation of the 44th juan, entirely devoted to consciousness in its Zhuxian intellectual and psychological understanding and the role of consciousness in the process of self-improvement of the personality. The publication also includes an introductory article, a commentary on the translation and a grammatical essay.