The monograph introduces into scientific circulation numerous archaeological sites of the age of 35-6 thousand years" located east of the Yenisei and north of the Amur. Among them, the Dyuktay cave, the world's northernmost Paleolithic site Berelekh (71 ° N), one of the oldest Upper Paleolithic sites in Siberia Ezhantsy and multilayer monuments Ust-Timpton, Sumnagin I, Belkachi I are of particular value. The latest archaeological and paleogeographic data make it possible to illuminate the oldest stages in a new way human settlement of Northeast Asia and the Americas.