The monograph outlines the theoretical foundations of atmospheric optics, as the science of propagation, transformation and generation in the atmosphere of electromagnetic radiation from the ultraviolet to the microwave spectrum. The main characteristics of the planets of the solar system and their atmospheres are given. The equation of radiation transfer in various spectral regions, absorption of radiation by atmospheric gases and aerosol, molecular, aerosol and various types of non-resonance scattering, atmospheric refraction, reflection of radiation from the surface, and atmospheric luminescence are considered. Methods of radiation calculation for solar and thermal regions of spectrum are given. Issues of radiation energy and remote sensing of the atmosphere are briefly covered. The monograph is intended for undergraduate and graduate students studying in the specialties of "atmospheric physics," "meteorology," "physical ecology and environmental monitoring." It may also be of interest to specialists working in the field of atmospheric physics and optics.