The book, based on the analysis of new archival sources and published scientific literature, for the first time in regional historiography examines the legislative framework for the functioning of entrepreneurship and trade in the 1920s, its types and forms (state, cooperative, private), gives a description of the market, reveals the activities of the regional commodity exchange, determines the size and composition of the population engaged in trade and entrepreneurial activity. The publication is intended for scientists, historians, teachers of educational institutions, students and students, a wide range of readers.