Recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation as a textbook for students of higher educational institutions studying in the specialty "geography." The book presents the first textbook in Russian literature on all aspects of modern marine biogeography. On the basis of the latest data, methodological and methodological issues of this branch of knowledge, versatile principles and approaches to modern biogeographic research are considered. The authors managed to reflect in an accessible and concise form the main biogeographic concepts concerning the entire World Ocean and most of the geological history of its communities and biota. For undergraduate and graduate students of biological, geographical and related specialties of universities and fisheries universities. A number of provisions of the book will cause undoubted interest among specialists in the field of general biogeography, ecology and marine biology.