The proposed monograph is an experience of analytical description of Neo-Humboldtian linguistics - one of the most significant trends in modern German and European linguistics. The work describes the main points of neo-Humboldtian philosophy, sociology and psychology of language, which were most deeply developed in the works of J. L. Weisgerber and his students. For the first time in domestic linguistics, the book comprehensively covers this linguistic trend, which largely determined the development of linguistics in the second half of our century.