The issues of the technology of casting modern working and nozzle blades from special high-temperature alloys with an equiaxial, directional columnar and monocrystalline structure for gas turbine engines are considered and summarized. New casting methods are presented, which have no analogues of efficient processes, technologies and equipment. Problems of metallurgy, metal science, including alloying, heat-resistant cast nickel alloys are discussed to ensure long-term operability of gas turbine engine blades at high temperatures in an aggressive environment.