The book, selected scientific works of the outstanding physicist of the XX century. Ernest Rutherford, included work on the final clarification of the nature of a-particles, as well as work on the structure and artificial transformation of elements. In addition, the texts of a number of Rutherford's speeches, which are of a review nature, are given. Almost all the works included in the publication in Russian are published for the first time. The book is designed for physicists, teachers and all persons interested in the paths of development and the history of science.