The monograph is devoted to the historical and demographic aspects of the development of the North-East of the USSR in the 30s of the XX century. The role of the environmental factor in the life of the population is analyzed. Estimates are given to individual components of the anthropoecological environment (the composition of the Sevvostlag camp contingent, regional features of the morbidity of the population, causes and mortality rate, diet, thermal insulation properties of clothing and housing, etc.).