Nowadays there is a huge number of various programming languages ​ ​ and they all have their own history, their own field of application, and it makes no sense to list even the most famous of them here. For each of these programming languages, there is a mass of literature devoted to this particular language and development tools based on nem.But this book outlines the principles and technologies underlying all modern programming languages, since all these languages ​ ​ are built on one fundamental basis, which constitutes the theory of formal languages ​ ​ and grammars. All development tools are built on these principles and technologies, which are currently not just translators and compilers, but complexes that are programming systems.