In 1859, the great Orthodox thinker - Slavophile I.S. Aksakov proclaimed: "Our banner is the Russian people as a symbol of independence and spiritual freedom, freedom of life and development." This idea has become one of the peaks of the Russian national worldview. Aksakov stood on firm Orthodox monarchist positions, defending the inviolability of Russian national foundations, traditions and ideals. He advocated community-artel "popular production" against the imposition of Western economic forms. He believed that the union of Slavic peoples under the leadership of the Russian people could become the basis of the spiritual revival of mankind.