The monograph is devoted to the historical and anthropological study of the problem of military childhood, which is considered on the materials of the Battle of Stalingrad. The main part of these materials was made up of interviews collected in 2014-2015. in Volgograd (a total of 264 people were interviewed), supplemented by previously published memories and archival materials. The team of authors focused on such problems as the criteria for determining military childhood, the peculiarities of children's perception of war, children's strategies and practices for surviving and overcoming military violence, the formation of a memory of war, the culture of children's everyday life in the conditions of the Battle of Stalingrad.