The Anvil of War collects U.S. Army–commissioned reports by two highly ranked German officers who served on the disastrous Russian Front: Military Improvisations During the Russian Campaign, German Defense Tactics Against Russian Breakthroughs by Erhard Raus, and Operations of Encircled Forces by Oldwig von Natzmer. The reports show how the Germans adapted techniques to cope with their enemy’s great numerical superiority and managed to delay and sometimes drive back the steamroller Russian forces during the German retreat. The significance of the material detailing the Germans’ vast experience on the Russian Front was emphasized with the onset of the Cold War and the perceived Soviet threat to Europe.